![]() Space Force delayed a GPS satellite launch to no earlier than June 30 in order to minimize personnel from COVID-19 exposure. intelligence payloads from its launch complex in New Zealand. ![]() In March, California-based Rocket Lab postponed the launch of three U.S. has delayed several launches due to COVID-19. soil to the International Space Station, the U.S. Despite the recent success of the SpaceX launch from U.S. However, China is launching capabilities into space at a pace that is becoming increasingly difficult for the U.S. Space Command, the Defense Department’s 11th combatant command, recently finalized its campaign plan with a new mission statement emphasizing “defending against and deterring threats.” The 2020 National Defense Authorization Act established the United States Space Force as the sixth independent branch of the military to meet the threat posed to American space-based assets by potential enemies. ![]() to take measures to protect itself against what Secretary of Defense Mark Esper accurately labeled the weaponization of space. It is also working on radio frequency-jamming technologies capable of degrading or denying satellite communications and global navigation satellite systems like GPS.Ĭhina’s counter-space efforts have forced the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency assesses could also function as a weapon.īecause destruction of assets using anti-satellite technology is easily attributable, China is also pursuing a broad range of nondestructive directed-energy and electronic warfare weapons like lasers for blinding commercial and military imaging satellites. The SC-19 is now assessed operational and capable of targeting low-Earth orbit satellites.Ĭhina also fielded sophisticated on-orbit capabilities, such as satellites with robotic arm technology for inspection and repair, which the U.S. In 2018, the People’s Liberation Army formed military units that began initial operational training with anti-satellite missiles. China launched its first successful ground-based direct ascent anti-satellite missile, the SC-19, in 2007, and spent the last decade improving follow-on versions. “China’s Predictable Space’ surprise’”, Defense News (February 12, 2007).Evidence suggests China could be developing up to three different anti-satellite systems. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ (2007).īao Shixiu. A War Like No Other: The Truth About China’s Challenge to America. Space Electronic Confrontation, Issue No. Military’s Space Warfare in the 21st Century. Study of the Arms and Weaponry of the U.S. Space Warfare and War Fighting Environment. China’s Space Odyssey: What the Antisatellite Test Reveals about Decision-Making in Beijing Foreign Affairs, 86(3), 2–3 (May–June 2007). Aviation Week & Space Technology (January 21, 2007). China’s Asat Test Will Intensify U.S.-Chinese Faceoff in Space. 13 United Nations University Press, Tokyo (1991), published in cooperation with the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).Ĭovault, C. Outer Space A Source of Conflict or Co-operation?, p. The Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water, 480 UNTS 43 (entered into force October 10, 1963).Ĭonvention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (1976), 11 UKTS, Cmd 6397 (entered into force March 26, 1975) Chemical Weapons Convention 1992 32 ILM 800 (entered into force April 29, 1997).Ĭonvention on the Prohibition of Military or any other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques, 31 UST 333 (entered into force October 5, 1978). “US Air Force Anti-Satellite Weapon Is Operational”, (September 30, 2004). US Space Command, Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado (1997). “Statement to the Conference on Disarmament”, US Mission Geneva, Permanent Representative to CD (February 7, 2002), online internet (January 30, 2005). XII US White House, press release, “Statement by the Press Secretary: Announcement of Withdrawal from the ABM Treaty” (December 13, 2001), online internet (January 30, 2005), available from Google Scholar Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, (entered into force October 3, 1972, but no longer in effect as of June 13, 2002, due to US withdrawal). National Defense University Press, Beijing (2000). “President’s Speech on Military Spending and a New Defense”, New York Times, A-20 (March 24, 1983). “Benign Space Concept Ends with Creation of SPACECOM”, Air Force Times, 23 (July 12, 1982). USAF, “Of Trees and Leaves: A New View of Doctrine”, Air University Review, 40–48 (January–February 1982).įamiglietti, L.
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